Abbreviations / Acronyms
(BP 139)
RAW - Research And Analysis Wing
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency
FSB - Federal Security Bureau Of Russian Federation
MSS - Ministry Of State Security
MI6 - Military Intelligence Section 6
ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service
Compound words ( BP 72,
118)
1.Write the possible
Compound words with ‘ice’
ice-fall
ice-axe
ice-berg
ice-cap
ice-floe
ice-sheet
ice-rink.
2. Adjective + Noun
compound words
muscular pain
nervous disorder
digestive enzymes
surgical instruments
agonistic experience
glorious victory
fantastic idea
emotional song
sensitive issue,
3. Choose the correct
combination for the compound word ‘Wind-proof’
(a)Adjective +
Noun
(b) Noun + Noun
(c) Adverb + Noun
(d) Adjective + Verb
4. Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Party”.
(a) lashes
(b) clock
(c) dark
(d) full
5. Choose the correct combination for the compound word ‘Sleeping bags’.
(a) Gerund + Noun
(b) Gerund + Adverb
(c) Adverb + Noun
(d) Noun + Verb
6. Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Half”
(a)bright
(b) clock
(c) dark
(d) way
7. Choose the
appropriate compound word for the combination: Adverb + Gerund
(a)ear mark
(b) Never-ending
(c) spelling book
(d) air ticket
8.Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Knife”
(a)clock
(b) edge
(c) proof
(d) peace
Phrasal verbs (BP7,118)
cut off - Removed
The government cut off the old pension scheme.
come upon-Meet
We turned a corner and we came
upon an old man.
put out-Extinguish
The firefighters put out the fire.
draw up-Stop
A car drew up beside us.
pass out- faint
Due to low pressure,
he passed out on the way.
take off - start
The helicopter takes off at 10 AM.
turn away -Oppose
The people turned away the Hydro Carbon project.
stand by-Support
Don’t worry, I will stand by you.
bank on
-depend on/rely
The Prime Minister cannot bank
on the opposite party’s support.
turn on- to open
I pushed the button to turn on the radio.
took over - take lead
I took over the business from my
father.
set off - start a journey
They set off before dawn.
see off - to go to station or airport to say good bye to someone
He went to see off his brother at the station.
stop over -
to stay at a place for a short
period of time when travelling to another destination
I stopped over in Bangkok for a couple of days on my way back from Tokyo.
get in - arrive inside train, bus etc
The train got in late.
get on -enter a bus,
train,plane
The people rushed to get on the bus.
get off - leave a bus, train etc
The two young women didn’t get off at that stop.
get away - to go away from home for a vacation
We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
check in - arrive and register at airport or hotel
We will
get the hotel keys when we check in.
check out -Pay the bill when leaving a hotel
You have to check out of the hotel before 11 AM.
Polite
alternatives/ Euphemisms
Blind -visually challenged
Stupid, retarded - mentally challenged/Intellectually
challenged
Disabled or learning challenged - ,a special child
Late - chronologically – challenged
handicapped or Disabled - differently abled
Short - vertically challenged
Undertaker - funeral director / Mortician
Maid - domestic engineer
Garbage man
- sanitation engineer
Lavatory -rest-room
public toilet
- comfort station
Housewife - Homemaker
Pregnant - in the family way
Died -passed away, departed, bit the big one, bit the dust, kicked the bucket
one’s backside or buttocks
-rear - end, gluteus maximus
under wear or lingerie-Unmentionables
Liar-economical with the truth
Unemployed-between jobs
Bald -thin on top.
Drunk -a little tipsy
Jail-correctional facility
Stolen -fell off the back of a
truck
genocide, Killing
-ethenic cleansing
prison camp
- relocation centre
accidental deaths
-collateral damage
firing someone
-letting someone
euthanize (Put an animal to death humanely)-put to sleep
Homeless -on the streets
Naked -au natural
Vomited-blow chunks
used car, second-hand -pre-enjoyed or Pre-loved vehicle
Unqualified -partially Proficient
Poor- Disadvantaged/underprivileged
Idioms (BP-109, 117, 138)
1. save one’s skin -
to protect oneself from difficulty
2. make both ends meet-
manage one’s expenses within one’s income
3. a bolt out of a clear sky- a sudden
unexpected events or news
4. go to grave - to exit
the world
5. have the whip hand -to be the most
powerful
6. under a cloud- viewed
with suspicion and distrust
7. wait for the dust to settle -
to wait for a situation to become clear or certain
8.get/have all your ducks in a row -
to have made all the preparations needed to do something/to be well
organized
9. fetch and carry (for somebody) -to do
a lot of little jobs for somebody as if you were their servant
11. round the corner - very near
12. let down - disappointed
13. chuckled to himself - laughed
softly to himself
14. take cheer - to be encouraged
15. raise the devil - to complain or
scold
16. black with anger -become enraged
17. take chances -try one’s luck/ take a
risk
18. the icing on the cake -
something extra and not essential, but is added to make even better
19. break the ice - to make people more
relaxed, especially at the beginning of the meeting
a) The Sherpas are cheerful, gallant men, who wait for the dust to settle tents, oxygen, food etc., for climbers during their
ascent of the summit.
b) The team do the math carefully so as to reach the summit successfully.
Question tags (TB-79, 80, 81)
1. Mr. Ranjith is a great scholar, isn’t
he?
2. Ahalya will
never accept your proposal, will she?
3. Mahathi sings very
well, doesn’t she?
4. These girls sing very well, don’t
they?
5. Mahathi sang
very well yesterday, didn’t she?
6. These girls sang
very well yesterday, didn’t they?
7. Please
bring me a glass of water, would you?
8. Always
follow the traffic rules, would you?
9. Join us for lunch tomorrow, will you?
10.
Don’t ever meddle with my papers, will you?
11. The young should learn
to take up responsibilities, shouldn’t
they?
12. The toys in the box are not new, are they?
13. Nobody has arrived yet, have
they?
14. Everyone will
attend the party, won’t they?
15. The peacock is the
national bird of India, isn’t
it?
16. The blue frock was more expensive than the pink one, wasn’t it?
17. Something has gone wrong in the circuit, hasn’t it?
18. This is
not your dad’s car, is it?
19. There is not much
time left, is there?
20. There was a pond beside the temple, wasn’t there?
21. We rarely
visit our native town, do we?
22. Ajith seldom
speaks in English, does he?
23. A few germs can be
viewed through this microscope, can’t
they?
24. Little
do your parents know about this problem, do they?
25. I am a very honest and humble being, aren’t I?
26. Let’s
close our eyes and meditate for some time, shall we?
27. Let’s
all go to the beach this evening, shall we?
28. Neither
of my two brothers helped me in that
situation, did they?
29. All of us are
not eligible to apply for this course, are we?
1. The children are very happy today. Aren’t they?
2. You have not returned my books yet. Have you?
3. We enjoyed the trip very much. Didn’t we?
4. Let’s clean the shelves this weekend. Shall we?
5. My mother rarely travels by bus. Does she?
6. Somebody must bell the cat. Mustn’t they?
7. Anita never comes late to office. Does she?
8. I am always the winner. Aren’t I?
9. Don’t commit this mistake again. Will you?
10. There is a pharmacy near the bus stand. Isn’t It?
11. Bacteria can never survive in extreme weather conditions.
Can it?
12. I am not as smart as you are. Am I?
13. The boys broke the window pane last evening. Didn’t
they?
14. Leaves wither during autumn. Don’t they?
15. You should add a little salt to the butter milk.
shouldn’t You?
Prepositions (BP-45)
1. The boy jumped into a narrow stream.
a) into b)
with c) against d) upon
2. Afsar will meet me on
Friday morning.
a) into b) on c) against d) upon
3. The temple is in
front of the bank.
a) inspite of b) into c) between d) in front of
4. My friend will meet me with his
brother tomorrow.
a) with b)
among c) over d) into
a) There is usually a garden beside a
bungalow.
b) Yuvan has been studying well since
childwood.
c) A trekker climbed over a
mountain meticulously.
d) There was a skirmish between my
brother and sister.
e) The laudable thoughts were apparent among many
scholars in a conference.
f) It is easy to work under the
aegis of a visionary leader.
1) When Lakshmi was at school, she practiced music from Monday to
Friday. She involved herself in the school orchestra. She was responsible for
conducting many programmes. She was very popular among her
schoolmates, as she was kind, friendly and helpful.
2) Before
the interview, Solomon was confident of
getting the job. He now that he was qualified for the
job. He was interested in discharging his duty perfectly. The interview panel was
impressed with his
attitude and skills. So after the interview, he was on cloud
nine.
d) Fill in the blanks with suitable Prepositional phrase. ( BP-45, 46)
1. with reference to your advertisement in a local newspaper, I am applying for the post of a salesman.
2. The assignment will be completed in a few weeks.
3. Ravi was appreciated
by his teachers.
4. We feel sorry
for our mistakes.
5. The boy studied well in spite of many
obstacles.
6. Our nation is famous
for its glorious culture.
7. We are proud
of our children.
8. My brother will return home in the evening.
9. Instead
of Kiran, Rajesh may attend a programme.
10. Many tourists visited Ooty inspite of heavy
rains.
11. Expressing gratitude on behalf of
others is common in a vote of thanks.
12. On
the whole, I had a happy childhood.
13. Our teacher always act in favour of her
students.
14. On
account of his laziness, the boy remained passive for a
long time.
15. According
to Gandhiji, ahimsa means infinite love.
16. In
case of rain, take an umbrella.
Prefix/
suffix ( BP 7)
patient - impatient-
patiently
honour-dishonour-honourable
respect-
disrespect-repectable
manage-mismanage-management,
manager
fertile-infertile-ferility
different-
indifferent-differently, difference
friend-befriend,
friendship, friendly
obey-
disobey, obedience, obedient
Distinguish
the meanings.(BP6)
Emigrate-immigrate
My
grandfather emigrated from India to immigrate to USA.
Beside-besides
Besides
watching the folk dance, he was standing beside the car.
Judicial-judicious
One should
be judicious in judicial matters.
Eligible-illegible
The eligible
candidates are not selected for their illegible handwriting.
Conscience-conscious
The people
who have conscience are conscious of many ideas.
Industrial-industrious
An
industrial area has industrious people.
Eminent-imminent
The most
eminent scientist in the world has been warning about the imminent danger of nuclear
war.
illicit-elicit
The police
tried to elicit information from the bootlegger who sold illicit liquor.
Prescribed-proscribed
The book
prescribed for the prize is proscribed for containing some remarks against a
particular region.
Affect-effect
The effects
of new virus will affect the future of the people.
Aural-oral
The teacher gave
an aural test by oral in the class yesterday.
Born-borne
Many
diseases are born by flies which can be easily borne.
Blended
words(BP 150)
Alphanumeric -Alphabetic + numeric
Brunch-Breakfast + lunch
Camcorder-Camera + recorder
Mechatronics-Mechanic + electronics
Newscast-News + broadcast
Smog-Smoke + fog
Bit-Binary + digit
email-Electronic + mail
Forex-Foreign + exchange
Moped-Motor + pedal
paratroop-Parachute + troop
British English to American English
pavement -Side walk
indicator-Turn signal
Pull
over-Sweater
Timetable-Schedule
Full stop- Period
loo-Rest room/bathroom
Sweets-candy
Waistcoat-vest
Post-Mail
Chips-French fries
holiday-Vacation
Flat-Apartment
Autumn-Fall
Ground floor-First floor
Lift-Elevator
underground-Subway
Nappy-Diaper
Queue-Line
bin-Trash can
American English to British English
Odor-Odour
Program-Programme
Parlor-Parlour
Apologise-Apologize
Color-Colour
Check-Cheque
Theatre-Theater
Gray-Grey
Behavior-Behaviour
Humor-Humour
Labor-Labour
Modal Auxiliaries. (+2 STD: BP-14)
a) Fill in the blanks with modal auxiliaries.
a) The candidates must /should answer five out of ten questions.
b) How dare you open my bag?
c) Tajudeen will finish this work by Monday.
d) Shall I go to school today?
e) I wish you will tell me the truth.
f) Poonam could not catch the bus yesterday.
g) People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
h) You need not to go to the market as I have bought vegetables.
i) Can you have taken all his trouble?
j) You will be joking.
k) I tried to climb up the tree, but can not.
l) Hima Das ran so fast that she could win the medal.
m) You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make it drink.
n) I would like to have a cup of coffee.
o) My grandfather used to visit this temple when he was young.
Conditional Clause(BP- 124, 125
Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks.
a) If I were (be) a spider, I would weave (weave) webs.
b) If Raj were (be) a sculpter, he would make (make) beautiful idols.
c) If Mary had an umbrella, she would lend (lend) it to me.
d) Rex would have played with me, if he had (has) time.
e) If I were you, I would accept (accept) this offer.
f) We will select (select) story books for kids, if we allot time for storytelling.
g) The Education Minister will visit (visit) our school tomorrow, if he goes by this way.
h) You will be rewarded by the wise, if you stand (stand) for truth.
i) If my mother knows (know) of my poor performance in the exam, she will not allow me to watch a movie.
j)If I had won the lottery, I would have donated (donate) relief materials for the flood victims.
Concord (BP-187, 188)
Choose the correct option and complete the sentences.
1. Manoj was present along with his parents.
a) was b) were
2. Each of these boys has passed.
a) has b) have
3. Neither Lekha nor Leela has been selected.
a) has b) have
4. Every man, woman and child was happy.
a) was b) were
5. One of the machines is defective.
a) is b) are
6. A number of books is missing.
a) is b) are
7. Sekar or his brothers have done it.
a) has b) have
a) is b) are
9. One or the other of those men have lodged a complaint.
a) has b) have
a) was b) were
Articles or Determiners (BP221)
2. Monisha has many films in her hands.
3. I am the eldest in my family.
4. There are only few chocolates left for you.
7. Samuel hasn’t got any homework today, so he is playing cricket.
9. My mother is an honest woman.
10. She bought a useful gadget.
11. Please give me an ice cube.
13. Why are you reading the book?
14. My boss wanted a draft of the report in a day.
15.Many hand-out is available online.
Complete the following sentence using appropriate determiners.
(BP -157)
1. Only few people can afford to buy a flat in Chennai.
2. She earns so much that she could not make a decent living.
3. Some information that she gave proved false.
4. How much sugar do you want?
5. I am very tired today, as I had many guests today.
6. Many / Some of my students have become doctors.
7. Little do I know about his personal life.
8. How many pages
did you read?
9. Some fertilizer used these days spoil the soil.
10. During my student life I used to give some troubles to my teacher.
If- unless (BP125)
Unless you go for a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight.
If you do not go for a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight.
Sindhu would not have won the world championship, if she had single minded devotion.
You will not reach your goal, unless you chase your dream.
You will not reach your goal, if you do not chase your dream.
Unless we plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
If we do not plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
The rescue team would not have saved the victims unless they had received the call in time.
The rescue team would not have saved the victims if they had not received the call in time.
The palace cannot be kept clean, unless we appoint more people.
The palace cannot be kept clean, if we do not appoint more people.
The portraits would not have been so natural, unless the artist had given his best.
The portraits would not have been so natural, if the artist had not given his best.
The manager would not have selected Nithiksha unless she exhibited good accounting skill.
The manager would not have selected Nithiksha, if she had not exhibited good accounting skill.
The policeman would not have arrested the man unless he had violated the rules.
The policeman would not have arrested the man, if he had not violated the rules.
Mr. Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education unless I studied well.
Mr. Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education, if I did not study well
Kavin will not stop flying kites unless he understands the risk involved in it.
Kavin will not stop flying kites, if he does not understand the risk involved in it.
Tanya would not know the answer unless she referred to the answer key.
Tanya would not know the answer, if she did not referred to the answer key.
My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate, unless the elders of the village cooperate with the education department.
My village cannot achieve 100% literacy rate, if the elders of the village do not cooperate with the education department.
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