Abbreviations / Acronyms (BP 139)
RAW - Research And Analysis Wing
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency
FSB - Federal Security Bureau Of Russian Federation
MSS - Ministry Of State Security
MI6 - Military Intelligence Section
ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service
1.Write the possible
Compound words with ‘ice’
ice-fall
ice-axe
ice-berg
ice-cap
ice-floe
ice-sheet
ice-rink.
2. Adjective + Noun
compound words
muscular pain
skeletal system
nervous disorder
digestive enzymes
surgical instruments
agonistic experience
glorious victory
fantastic idea
emotional song
sensitive issue,
3. Choose the correct
combination for the compound word ‘Wind-proof’
(a)Adjective +
Noun
(b) Noun + Noun
(c) Adverb + Noun
(d) Adjective + Verb
4. Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Party”.
(a) lashes
(b) clock
(c) dark
(d) full
5. Choose the correct
combination for the compound word ‘Sleeping bags’.
(a) Gerund + Noun
(b) Gerund + Adverb
(c) Adverb + Noun
(d) Noun + Verb
6. Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Half”
(a)bright
(b) clock
(c) dark
(d) way
7. Choose the
appropriate compound word for the combination: Adverb + Gerund
(a)ear mark
(b) Never-ending
(c) spelling book
(d) air ticket
8.Choose the word from
the options given to form a compound word with “Knife”
(a)clock
(b) edge
(c) proof
(d) peace
Phrasal verbs (BP7,118)
cut off - Removed
The government cut off the old pension scheme.
come upon-Meet
We turned a corner and we came
upon an old man.
put out-Extinguish
The firefighters put out the fire.
draw up-Stop
A car drew up beside us.
pass out- faint
Due to low pressure,
he passed out on the way.
take off - start
The helicopter takes off at 10 AM.
turn away -Oppose
The people turned away the Hydro Carbon project.
stand by-Support
Don’t worry, I will stand by you.
bank on -depend on/rely
The Prime Minister cannot bank
on the opposite party’s support.
turn on- to open
I pushed the button to turn on the radio.
took over - take lead
I took over the business from my
father.
set off - start a journey
They set off before dawn.
see off - to go to station or airport to say good bye to someone
He went to see off his brother at the station.
stop over - to stay at a place for a short period of time when travelling to another destination
I stopped over in Bangkok for a couple of days on my way back from Tokyo.
get in - arrive inside train, bus etc
The train got in late.
get on -enter a bus,
train,plane
The people rushed to get on the bus.
get off - leave a bus, train etc
The two young women didn’t get off at that stop.
get away - to go away from home for a vacation
We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
check in - arrive and register at airport or hotel
We will
get the hotel keys when we check in.
check out -Pay the bill when leaving a hotel
You have to check out of the hotel before 11 AM.
Polite
alternatives/ Euphemisms
Blind -visually challenged
Stupid, retarded - mentally challenged/Intellectually
challenged
Disabled or learning challenged - ,a special child
Late - chronologically – challenged
handicapped or Disabled - differently – abled
Short - vertically – challenged
Undertaker - funeral director / Mortician
Maid - domestic engineer
garbage man
- sanitation engineer
Lavatory -rest-room
public toilet
- comfort station
Housewife - Homemaker
Pregnant - in the family way
Died
-passed away, departed, bit the big one, bit the dust, kicked the bucket
one’s backside or buttocks
-rear - end, gluteus maximus
under wear or lingerie-Unmentionables
Liar-economical with the truth
Unemployed-between jobs
Bald
-thin on top.
Drunk
-a little tipsy
Jail-correctional facility
Stolen
-fell off the back of a
truck
genocide, Killing -ethenic cleansing
prison camp - relocation centre
accidental deaths -collateral damage
firing someone -letting someone
euthanize (Put an animal to death humanely)-put to sleep
Homeless
-on the streets
Naked
-au natural
Vomited-blow chunks
used car, second-hand-pre-enjoyed or Pre-loved vehicle
Unqualified
-partially Proficient
Poor-
Disadvantaged/underprivileged
Idioms
(BP-109, 117, 138)
1. save one’s skin - to protect
oneself from difficulty
2. make both ends meet- manage one’s
expenses within one’s income
3. a bolt out of a clear sky- a sudden unexpected
events or news
4. go to grave - to exit the world
5. have the whip hand -to be the most powerful
6. under a cloud- viewed with suspicion
and distrust
7. wait for the dust to settle - to wait
for a situation to become clear or certain
8.get/have all your ducks in a row - to have
made all the preparations needed to do something/to
be well organized
9. fetch and carry (for somebody) -to do a lot of
little jobs for somebody as if you were their servant
10. do the math - to
think carefully about something before doing it, that you know all the relevant
facts or figures
11. round the corner - very near
12. let down - disappointed
13. chuckled to himself - laughed softly
to himself
14. take cheer - to be encouraged
15. raise the devil - to complain or scold
16. black with anger -become enraged
17. take chances -try one’s luck/ take a risk
18. the icing on the cake - something
extra and not essential, but is added to make even better
19. break the ice - to make people more relaxed, especially
at the beginning of the meeting
Fill in the blanks with the right idioms. (BP-117)
a)
The Sherpas are cheerful, gallant men, who wait for the dust to
settle tents,
oxygen, food etc., for climbers during their ascent of the summit.
b)
The team do
the math carefully
so as to reach the summit successfully.
Question
tags (TB-79, 80, 81)
1.
Mr. Ranjith is a
great scholar, isn’t
he?
2.
Ahalya will
never
accept your proposal, will she?
3.
Mahathi sings
very
well, doesn’t
she?
4.
These girls sing
very well, don’t
they?
5.
Mahathi sang
very
well yesterday, didn’t
she?
6.
These girls sang
very
well yesterday, didn’t
they?
7.
Please
bring me
a glass of water, would you?
8. Always
follow
the traffic rules, would you?
9. Join us
for lunch tomorrow, will you?
10.
Don’t ever
meddle with my papers, will you?
11.
The young should
learn to take up responsibilities, shouldn’t they?
12.
The toys in the box are not new, are they?
13.
Nobody has
arrived yet, have
they?
14.
Everyone will
attend
the party, won’t
they?
15.
The peacock is the national bird of India, isn’t
it?
16.
The blue frock was
more expensive than the pink one, wasn’t it?
17.
Something has
gone
wrong in the circuit, hasn’t it?
18.
This is
not
your dad’s car, is
it?
19.
There is not much time left, is there?
20.
There was a
pond beside the temple, wasn’t there?
21.
We rarely
visit
our native town, do
we?
22.
Ajith seldom
speaks in
English, does
he?
23. A
few germs can be
viewed through this microscope, can’t they?
24.
Little
do your
parents know about this problem, do they?
25.
I
am a
very honest and humble being, aren’t I?
26.
Let’s
close
our eyes and meditate for some time, shall we?
27.
Let’s
all go to
the beach this evening, shall we?
28.
Neither
of
my two brothers helped me in that situation, did they?
29.
All of us are
not
eligible to apply for this course, are we?
Add
suitable question tags.
1.
The children are very happy today. Aren’t they?
2.
You have not returned my books yet. Have you?
3. We
enjoyed the trip very much. Didn’t we?
4.
Let’s clean the shelves this weekend. Shall we?
5.
My mother rarely travels by bus. Does she?
6.
Somebody must bell the cat. Mustn’t they?
7.
Anita never comes late to office. Does she?
8.
I am always the winner. Aren’t I?
9.
Don’t commit this mistake again. Will you?
10.
There is a pharmacy near the bus stand. Isn’t It?
11.
Bacteria can never survive in extreme weather conditions. Can it?
12.
I am not as smart as you are. Am I?
13.
The boys broke the window pane last evening. Didn’t they?
14.
Leaves wither during autumn. Don’t they?
15.
You should add a little salt to the butter milk. shouldn’t You?
Prepositions
(BP-45)
1.
The boy jumped into a
narrow stream.
a)
into b)
with c) against d) upon
2. Afsar
will meet me on
Friday morning.
a)
into b) on c) against d) upon
3.
The temple is in
front of the
bank.
a)
inspite of b) into c) between d) in front of
4.
My friend will meet me with his brother tomorrow.
a)
with b)
among c) over d) into
b)
Complete the sentences using the prepositions.
a)
There is usually a garden beside a bungalow.
b) Yuvan
has been studying well since childwood.
c)
A trekker climbed over a mountain meticulously.
d)
There was a skirmish between my brother and sister.
e)
The laudable thoughts were apparent among many scholars in a
conference.
f) It
is easy to work under
the
aegis of a visionary leader.
c)
Complete the following passages using the prepositions.
1)
When Lakshmi was
at
school, she practiced music from Monday to Friday. She involved herself in
the school orchestra. She was responsible for conducting many
programmes. She was very popular among her schoolmates, as she was kind, friendly
and helpful.
2) Before
the
interview, Solomon was confident of getting the job. He now that he was
qualified for
the job. He was interested in discharging his duty perfectly. The interview
panel was impressed with his attitude and skills. So after
the interview, he was on cloud nine.
d)
Fill in the blanks with suitable Prepositional phrase. ( BP-45, 46)
1. with
reference to
your advertisement in a local newspaper, I am applying for the post of a
salesman.
2.
The assignment will be completed in a few weeks.
3.
Ravi was appreciated
by
his teachers.
4.
We feel sorry
for
our mistakes.
5. The
boy studied well in
spite of
many obstacles.
6.
Our nation is famous
for
its glorious culture.
7.
We are proud
of
our children.
8.
My brother will return home in the evening.
9. Instead
of
Kiran, Rajesh may attend a programme.
10.
Many tourists visited Ooty inspite of heavy rains.
11.
Expressing gratitude on behalf of others is common in a vote of thanks.
12.
On
the whole, I
had a happy childhood.
13.
Our teacher always act in favour of her students.
14.
On
account of
his laziness, the boy remained passive for a long time.
15.
According
to
Gandhiji, ahimsa means infinite love.
16.
In
case of
rain, take an umbrella.
Prefix/ suffix (BP 7)
patient -
impatient- patiently
honour-dishonour-honourable
respect- disrespect-repectable
manage-mismanage-management, manager
fertile-infertile-ferility
different- indifferent-differently, difference
friend-befriend, friendship, friendly
obey- disobey, obedience, obedient
Distinguish the meanings.(BP6)
Emigrate-immigrate
My grandfather emigrated from India to immigrate to
USA.
Beside-besides
Besides watching the folk dance, he was standing
beside the car.
Judicial-judicious
One should be judicious in judicial matters.
Eligible-illegible
The eligible candidates are not selected for their
illegible handwriting.
Conscience-conscious
The people who have conscience are conscious of many
ideas.
Industrial-industrious
An industrial area has industrious people.
Eminent-imminent
The most eminent scientist in the world has been
warning about the imminent danger of nuclear war.
illicit-elicit
The police tried to elicit information from the
bootlegger who sold illicit liquor.
Prescribed-proscribed
The book prescribed for the prize is proscribed for
containing some remarks against a particular region.
Affect-effect
The effects of new virus will affect the future of
the people.
Aural-oral
The teacher gave an aural test by oral in the class
yesterday.
Born-borne
Many diseases are born by flies which can be easily borne.
Blended words (BP 150)
Spluttered -Splash + sputter
Alphanumeric -Alphabetic + numeric
Brunch-Breakfast + lunch
Camcorder-Camera + recorder
Mechatronics-Mechanic + electronics
Newscast-News + broadcast
Smog-Smoke + fog
Bit-Binary + digit
email-Electronic + mail
Forex-Foreign + exchange
Moped-Motor + pedal
paratroop-Parachute + troop
British English to American English
pavement -Side walk
indicator-Turn signal
Pull over-Sweater
Timetable-Schedule
Full stop- Period
Wind screen-Wind shield
loo-Rest room/bathroom
Sweets-candy
Waistcoat-vest
Post-Mail
Chips-French fries
holiday-Vacation
Flat-Apartment
Autumn-Fall
Ground floor-First floor
Lift-Elevator
underground-Subway
Nappy-Diaper
Queue-Line
bin-Trash can
American English to British English
Odor-Odour
Program-Programme
Parlor-Parlour
Apologise-Apologize
Color-Colour
Check-Cheque
Theatre-Theater
Gray-Grey
Behavior-Behaviour
Humor-Humour
Labor-Labour
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